M23.007

Clinical Causes: Meniscal tears, which may lead to fluid accumulation and cyst formation Degenerative changes due to aging or repetitive stress on the knee Trauma or injury to the knee, such as twisting or direct impact Chronic overuse or repetitive activities affecting the knee joint Underlying degenerative joint diseases like osteoarthritis

Key Symptoms: Knee pain, especially during movement or weight-bearing activities Swelling or a sense of fullness in the knee Limited range of motion or stiffness Sensation of locking or catching in the knee joint Tenderness along the joint line Discomfort worsened by activity and relieved with rest

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing a cystic meniscus typically involves a combination of clinical assessment and imaging tests. A doctor will perform a physical examination to check for swelling, tenderness, and stability of the knee. To confirm the presence of a cyst and assess its size and location, imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used. MRI provides detailed images of soft tissues, making it the preferred diagnostic tool. X-rays may be performed to exclude other joint problems but do not visualize cysts or meniscal tears directly.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options for cystic meniscus depend on the severity of symptoms and the size of the cyst. Common approaches include: - **Conservative management:** Rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (RICE) can help reduce swelling and pain. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended for pain relief. - **Physical therapy:** Specific exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee and improve joint stability. - **Aspiration:** In some cases, the cyst may be drained through a minimally invasive procedure, although cyst recurrence is possible. - **Surgical intervention:** If symptoms persist or worsen, arthroscopic surgery might be necessary to remove the cyst and repair or remove the damaged meniscus tissue. Meniscus repair or partial removal (meniscectomy) may be performed depending on the extent of the damage. Following treatment, a rehabilitation program is often advised to restore knee function and prevent further issues.