S43.13

Clinical Causes: Falling directly onto the shoulder or outstretched arm Trauma from sports injuries, such as football, hockey, or cycling accidents Car accidents or other high-impact trauma Falls from a significant height onto the shoulder Severe shoulder injuries from physical violence

Key Symptoms: Sudden shoulder pain, especially over the joint Visible deformity or bump near the shoulder Limited range of motion or difficulty moving the arm Swelling and tenderness around the AC joint Weakness in the shoulder or arm Possible bruising around the shoulder area

Diagnosis Path: The diagnosis begins with a physical examination, where a healthcare professional assesses shoulder deformity, swelling, and pain. Imaging studies are essential for confirmation, typically including: - **X-rays:** To visualize the displacement of the clavicle relative to the acromion and determine the extent of dislocation. - **Additional imaging:** In some cases, MRI or CT scans may be used to evaluate associated injuries or complex displacements. The imaging helps classify the severity of the dislocation and guides treatment planning.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment approaches depend on the severity and displacement of the injury: - **Conservative management:** For less severe dislocations, immobilization with a shoulder brace or sling, accompanied by rest and ice, may promote healing. - **Physical therapy:** After initial immobilization, physical therapy helps restore shoulder strength, stability, and flexibility. - **Surgical intervention:** Given the significant displacement (>200%), surgery is often recommended to realign the clavicle and stabilize the joint. Procedures may include ligament repair or reconstruction and joint stabilization techniques. - **Postoperative care:** Involves immobilization, pain management, and a structured rehabilitation program to regain shoulder function. Prompt and appropriate treatment is重要 in preventing long-term instability, deformity, or chronic pain.