S82.61

Clinical Causes: Twisting or pivoting injuries during sports or physical activities Falls onto the ankle from height or onto uneven surfaces Direct blow to the ankle from accidents or collisions Trauma during vehicular accidents Sudden twisting of the ankle while bearing weight

Key Symptoms: Pain around the outer ankle, especially over the lateral malleolus Swelling and tenderness in the affected area Bruising or discoloration around the ankle Difficulty bearing weight or walking Deformity or abnormal positioning of the ankle in severe cases Limited movement or stiffness in the ankle joint

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive physical examination by a healthcare professional, who will assess swelling, deformity, and the ability to move the ankle. An X-ray of the ankle is essential to confirm the fracture, determine the displacement of the bone fragments, and guide treatment planning. In some cases, additional imaging such as CT scans may be used for detailed assessment.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity and displacement of the fracture but generally include: - **Immobilization:** Using a cast, splint, or brace to keep the ankle stable during healing. - **Reduced activity:** Avoiding weight-bearing activities; crutches may be recommended. - **Realignment:** If the fracture is displaced, a healthcare provider may need to realign the bones through a procedure called reduction, which can be non-surgical or surgical. - **Surgery:** In cases with significant displacement or associated injuries, surgical fixation with plates and screws may be necessary to stabilize the bones. - **Rehabilitation:** After immobilization or surgery, physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion.