M96.A2

Clinical Causes: Application of force during chest compressions in CPR, especially when performed vigorously or improperly Existing bone weakness or osteoporosis, making ribs more susceptible to breaking Trauma combined with CPR, such as accidents or falls prior to the procedure Use of excessive pressure during chest compressions due to operator fatigue or inadequate training Patient-specific factors, including age and health status that influence bone strength

Key Symptoms: Localized pain at the site of the fracture, especially with movement or breathing Tenderness and swelling over the affected rib Difficulty taking deep breaths or coughing comfortably Shortness of breath or rapid breathing in some cases Visible or palpable deformity if the fracture causes a displacement of the rib In some instances, bruising on the chest wall

Diagnosis Path: Chest X-ray: Most commonly used to visualize rib fractures and any associated injuries Computed tomography (CT) scan: Provides detailed images if initial X-ray results are inconclusive or if complications are suspected Physical examination: To identify tenderness, swelling, or deformities Assessment of respiratory function: To evaluate breathing difficulties related to the injury

Treatment Protocols: Pain management: Use of analgesics or NSAIDs to reduce discomfort Rest and activity modification: Avoiding strenuous activities that may worsen pain or delay healing Breathing exercises: To prevent lung collapse (pneumothorax) and promote proper lung expansion Monitoring for complications: Such as pneumothorax or injury to internal organs, which may require additional intervention Use of supportive devices: Such as rib belts or wraps, though their use is controversial and should be guided by healthcare professionals Surgical intervention: Rarely required, but may be necessary if the fracture causes significant displacement or injures vital structures