O23.03

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infections, often originating from the bladder or urinary tract Changes in hormonal levels leading to urinary stasis and bacterial growth Urinary tract obstructions or abnormalities that hinder normal urine flow Use of certain catheters or invasive urinary procedures History of recurrent urinary tract infections prior to pregnancy

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Pain in the back, side, or abdomen Painful or burning urination Frequent urge to urinate with little urine output Nausea and vomiting General feeling of illness or fatigue Blood in the urine (hematuria) Malaise or feeling unwell

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of a kidney infection during pregnancy involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and specific tests. Urinalysis is the primary diagnostic tool, detecting bacteria, white blood cells, and signs of infection. Blood tests may be performed to evaluate overall health and identify complications. Imaging studies like ultrasound may be used to rule out structural issues or abscesses if necessary. Close monitoring is essential to assess the progression of the infection and response to treatment.

Treatment Protocols: Management of kidney infections during the third trimester focuses on eradicating the infection and preventing complications. Treatment typically includes prescribed antibiotics safe for use during pregnancy. Adequate hydration and rest are also recommended to support recovery. In severe cases or if abscesses develop, hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics might be needed. Close follow-up is crucial to ensure the infection resolves completely and to monitor fetal well-being. After treatment, repeat testing may be necessary to confirm infection clearance. Postpartum follow-up is also important to address any lingering issues or recurrent infections.