S15.8

Clinical Causes: Car accidents causing blunt trauma to the neck Falls resulting in impact to the neck area Stabbing or gunshot wounds directly affecting neck blood vessels Sports injuries involving neck strikes Surgical or medical procedures gone wrong in the neck region Penetrating objects such as knives or shrapnel

Key Symptoms: Sudden and severe neck pain Bleeding from a wound in the neck area Swelling or hematoma (a localized collection of blood) Dizziness or fainting due to blood loss Difficulties swallowing or speaking Signs of nerve compression, such as numbness or weakness in the face or limbs Shortness of breath if airway is compromised

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. Imaging tests play a crucial role in identifying the extent and location of vessel injury, including: - CT angiography: a special imaging that visualizes blood vessels and detects bleeding or vessel damage - Doppler ultrasound: assesses blood flow in neck vessels - MRI: provides detailed images of soft tissues and vessels In some cases, invasive procedures like angiography may be necessary to precisely locate and evaluate the injury.

Treatment Protocols: Management of these injuries depends on their severity: - Minor injuries may be managed conservatively with close monitoring, applying pressure to control bleeding, and medications to prevent blood clots. - Significant vessel damage often requires surgical intervention to repair or graft affected blood vessels. - Endovascular procedures, such as stent placement, may be performed to restore blood flow while minimizing invasive surgery. - Supportive care includes fluid replacement, blood transfusions if needed, and management of airway compromise. - Post-treatment, patients may undergo rehabilitation to recover function and prevent complications.