M12.1

Clinical Causes: Deficiency of trace elements, especially selenium and iodine, which are essential for healthy cartilage and bone development. Poor nutritional status, including low intake of essential nutrients needed for growth. Environmental factors, such as contaminated water sources and soil deficiencies in selenium. Possible genetic predisposition affecting cartilage metabolism. Endemic geographical conditions that predispose populations to the disease.

Key Symptoms: Joint pain and swelling, particularly in knees, ankles, and elbows. Deformities of affected joints, leading to restricted movement. Stiffness and decreased range of motion in joints. Growth disturbances, resulting in limb deformities or shortening. Muscle weakness near affected joints. In some cases, development of osteophytes or abnormal bone growths around joints.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Healthcare providers assess patient history, especially in endemic areas, looking for signs of joint deformities and growth disturbances. Radiographs (X-rays) are employed to visualize cartilage degeneration, joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and bone changes characteristic of the condition. Laboratory tests may include assessments of nutritional status and trace element levels to support the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Nutritional supplementation, especially selenium and iodine, to correct deficiencies. Physical therapy aimed at maintaining joint mobility and strengthening muscles. Use of anti-inflammatory medications to reduce joint pain and swelling. Orthopedic interventions for severe deformities, such as corrective surgeries. Lifestyle modifications, including activity adjustments to protect joints. Monitoring growth and development, with interventions as necessary to address deformities.