M12.11

Clinical Causes: Nutritional deficiencies, especially lack of iodine and selenium Limited exposure to sunlight, affecting vitamin D synthesis Environmental factors, such as selenium-deficient soil and water Genetic predispositions increasing susceptibility Poor socioeconomic conditions contributing to malnutrition Inadequate intake of essential minerals necessary for joint health

Key Symptoms: Swelling and enlargement in the shoulder joints Pain localized in the shoulder, especially with movement Reduced range of motion or stiffness in affected shoulder Tenderness when pressing on the joint Deformities or misalignment over time Weakness or muscle atrophy around the shoulder Possible limping or compensatory gait due to shoulder discomfort

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis mainly relies on clinical evaluation including physical examination of the shoulder. Medical history focusing on nutritional status and environmental factors is crucial. Imaging studies such as X-rays may reveal characteristic changes like joint space narrowing, bone deformities, and joint degeneration. Laboratory tests are generally not definitive but can help rule out other conditions. In some cases, joint aspiration and biopsy may support diagnosis by excluding infectious causes or differentiating from other arthropathies.

Treatment Protocols: Nutritional supplementation, including iodine, selenium, and vitamins Physical therapy to improve joint function and strengthen surrounding muscles Pain management with appropriate medications Use of supportive devices or braces to stabilize the shoulder Addressing environmental factors and improving overall living conditions Regular monitoring to assess disease progression and adjust treatments In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct deformities or restore function