H18.449

Clinical Causes: Vitamin A deficiency: The most common cause, especially in developing countries where nutritional deficiencies are prevalent. Malabsorption conditions: Disorders that impair nutrient absorption, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease. Chronic eye infections: Persistent infections can weaken corneal tissue. Chemical or thermal injuries: Exposure to caustic substances or heat can damage the cornea. Exposure to ultraviolet light: Excessive UV exposure may contribute to corneal weakening. Other nutritional deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients apart from vitamin A. Prolonged eye dryness and exposure keratopathy.

Key Symptoms: Blurred vision or decreased visual acuity. Eye redness and irritation. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Pain or discomfort in the eye. Feeling of a foreign body or grit in the eye. Progressive loss of vision if untreated. Corneal ulceration or perforation in severe cases.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The physician may perform slit-lamp examination to assess corneal health and detect signs of tissue softening. Additional tests can include measuring vitamin A levels in the blood, assessing overall nutritional status, and ruling out other ocular conditions that mimic keratomalacia.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment primarily focuses on addressing the underlying cause, especially restoring vitamin A levels if deficiency is present. Interventions may include vitamin A supplementation and nutritional counseling. Supportive treatments to protect and aid healing of the cornea include the use of lubricating eye drops, antibiotics to prevent infection, and occasionally surgical procedures such as corneal transplantation in severe cases. Early detection and intervention are crucial to preserve vision and prevent permanent damage.