M48.26

Clinical Causes: Degenerative disc disease leading to disc thinning or loss of disc height Chronic spinal strain or repetitive stress on the lumbar vertebrae Poor posture affecting spinal alignment Previous spinal injuries or trauma Genetic predisposition to spinal degeneration Age-related degenerative changes in spinal structures Obesity, increasing mechanical load on the lumbar spine

Key Symptoms: Localized lower back pain, often worsened by movement or prolonged standing Stiffness in the lumbar region, reducing flexibility Muscle spasms around the lower back Pain that radiates to the buttocks or thighs in some cases Tenderness upon pressing the spine Limited range of motion in the lower back Possible discomfort during physical activity or after long periods of sitting

Diagnosis Path: X-rays: To visualize vertebral alignment and detect narrowed disc spaces Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of soft tissues, discs, and nerve roots Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Offers detailed bone imaging, revealing facet joint changes and osteophytes Bone scans or additional tests may be employed if necessary A healthcare provider will analyze symptoms alongside imaging results to establish an accurate diagnosis

Treatment Protocols: Conservative management with physical therapy to strengthen core muscles and improve spinal stability Pain management through non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or analgesics Application of heat or cold therapy to reduce muscle spasms Activity modifications to avoid aggravating movements Injections such as corticosteroid injections for targeted pain relief Lifestyle adjustments, including weight management and ergonomic improvements In some cases, minimally invasive procedures like facet joint injections or radiofrequency ablation Surgical options, such as spinal fusion or decompression, are considered if conservative treatments fail