C45.1

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to asbestos fibers, which can be inhaled or ingested, leading to mesothelial cell damage. Environmental or occupational exposure in industries such as construction, shipbuilding, manufacturing, or asbestos mining. Rare cases may involve genetic predisposition, although asbestos exposure remains the primary risk factor.

Key Symptoms: Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort Unexplained weight loss and fatigue Abdominal swelling due to fluid accumulation (ascites) Changes in bowel habits, including constipation or diarrhea Nausea and vomiting A palpable mass in the abdomen Bowel obstruction symptoms in advanced cases Breathing difficulty if the disease affects the diaphragm or involves metastasis

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing mesothelioma of the peritoneum involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and tissue sampling: - **Imaging Tests:** CT scans and MRI help visualize tumor size, location, and spread. - **Biopsy:** A tissue sample obtained via laparoscopy or needle biopsy confirms diagnosis. - **Laboratory Tests:** Analysis of fluid in the abdominal cavity can reveal cancer cells or elevated tumor markers. - **Additional Tests:** PET scans may assist in staging by identifying metastasis.

Treatment Protocols: Managing mesothelioma of the peritoneum typically involves a multidisciplinary approach: - **Surgery:** Removal of visible tumors and affected tissues, including cytoreductive surgery. - **Chemotherapy:** Systemic treatment, often with drugs like pemetrexed and cisplatin, to target cancer cells. - **Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC):** Combining heated chemotherapy with surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. - **Radiation Therapy:** Limited role, mainly for symptom relief or specific cases. - **Supportive Care:** Pain management and treatment of symptoms to improve quality of life.