M96.A3

Clinical Causes: Application of chest compressions during CPR aimed at restoring blood circulation in cardiac arrest. Increased force or improper technique during chest compressions, leading to excessive pressure on the ribs. Presence of pre-existing weakened bones, such as those caused by osteoporosis, which may make ribs more susceptible to fractures. Repeated attempts at CPR, which can increase the chance of rib injury. Trauma or injury prior to CPR that weakens the rib structure, making fractures more likely.

Key Symptoms: Pain at the site of the fracture, especially when breathing deeply or coughing. Tenderness and swelling over the fractured ribs. Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath. A crunching or grinding sensation felt or heard around the ribs, indicating fractured bone ends rubbing against each other. Possible bruising along the chest wall due to internal bleeding or soft tissue injury.

Diagnosis Path: Clinical examination of chest pain, tenderness, and breathing difficulty. Imaging tests such as chest X-ray to confirm the presence and number of rib fractures. In some cases, computed tomography (CT) scans may be used for detailed visualization, especially if complicated injuries or internal damage are suspected. Assessment of the patient’s overall respiratory function and any signs of internal injury or bleeding.

Treatment Protocols: Pain management with medications such as acetaminophen or opioids for severe pain. Rest and avoidance of activities that increase pain or risk of further injury. Applying ice packs to reduce swelling and discomfort. Breathing exercises or incentive spirometry to prevent lung collapse (pneumothorax) from shallow breathing. Monitoring for complications like lung puncture, internal bleeding, or pneumonia. In some cases, severe or multiple rib fractures might require surgical intervention, such as rib fixation, especially if there are associated internal injuries.