C85.93

Clinical Causes: Genetic mutations in lymphocytes leading to abnormal cell growth Exposure to certain chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and industrial solvents Immunodeficiency disorders, including HIV/AIDS Chronic infections with viruses like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) Aging, which increases risk as the immune system weakens Previous radiation therapy or chemotherapy for other cancers

Key Symptoms: Swelling or painless lumps in the abdomen Abdominal pain or discomfort Unexplained weight loss Fever and night sweats Persistent fatigue and weakness Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation Feeling of fullness or bloating in the abdomen Enlarged lymph nodes elsewhere in the body

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review and physical examination to identify swollen lymph nodes or abdominal masses Imaging tests including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scans, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize affected areas Biopsy of lymph node tissue or affected abdominal tissues to confirm abnormal lymphocyte growth Blood tests to evaluate overall health and detect markers associated with lymphoma Bone marrow biopsy in some cases to assess the extent of disease Additional tests such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans to determine the spread of the disease

Treatment Protocols: Chemotherapy—using drugs to destroy cancerous cells, often a primary approach Radiation therapy—targeted radiation to affected areas for localized control Immunotherapy—boosting the body's immune response to fight lymphoma Targeted therapy—drugs aimed at specific molecules involved in lymphoma growth Stem cell or bone marrow transplant in certain cases, especially for aggressive or recurrent forms Supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life throughout treatment