C44.6

Clinical Causes: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds Fair skin that is more susceptible to sun damage Chronic skin injuries or scars Repeated exposure to certain chemicals or substances A weakened immune system Genetic predispositions or family history of skin cancers Previous history of skin cancer

Key Symptoms: Persistent skin growth or sore that doesn’t heal A new or changing mole or spot on the skin Raised, firm lesion with an irregular border Red, scaly, or crusted area Lesion that may bleed or ooze Skin changes, including pigmentation alterations or texture changes Lumps or thickening under the skin of the affected area

Diagnosis Path: Physical Examination: Healthcare providers examine the skin for abnormal growths, markings, or lesions. Biopsy: A small sample of skin tissue from the suspicious area is removed and analyzed microscopically to confirm malignancy. Imaging Tests: Sometimes, imaging tests like ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans are used to determine if cancer has spread beyond the skin. Medical History: Your healthcare provider may review personal and family history, sun exposure history, and prior skin issues.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical Removal: The primary method involves excising the tumor, often with a margin of healthy tissue, to prevent recurrence. Mohs Surgery: A precise surgical technique used for skin cancers on the face or other sensitive areas, removing the cancer layer by layer. Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and kill remaining cancer cells after surgery or when surgery isn’t an option. Chemotherapy: In some cases, topical or systemic chemotherapy drugs may be used, particularly if the cancer has spread. Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Newer treatments that work by targeting specific molecules involved in cancer growth or boosting the immune response.