M65.122

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infections, most commonly Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species Infections spreading from nearby tissues or through bloodstream (hematogenous spread) Injury or trauma to the elbow, providing a pathway for infection Previous joint or tendon surgeries or injections Chronic medical conditions that suppress immune response, such as diabetes or immunosuppressive therapy Less commonly, viral or fungal infections

Key Symptoms: Pain, especially with movement or palpation of the elbow Swelling and warmth around the affected area Restricted range of motion in the elbow joint Tenderness upon touch Possible redness of the skin surrounding the elbow Fever and general malaise in some cases Fluid accumulation within the joint or surrounding tissues

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to assess swelling, tenderness, and movement limitations Imaging studies such as X-rays to rule out other causes of joint swelling and to identify any signs of infection Laboratory tests including blood tests for markers of infection (e.g., elevated white blood cell count, ESR, CRP) Joint aspiration, where synovial fluid is extracted and analyzed for bacteria, cells, and other pathogens Microbiological cultures of the joint fluid to identify the infectious agent

Treatment Protocols: Antibiotic therapy tailored to the identified infectious organism, often administered intravenously initially Drainage of infected fluid from the joint or surrounding tissues to reduce pressure and remove pathogens Rest and immobilization of the elbow to minimize movement and facilitate healing Pain management with medications such as analgesics Physical therapy in later stages to restore range of motion and strengthen surrounding muscles once infection subsides Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of severe infection, abscess formation, or failure of conservative measures