C44.390

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds Frequent or long-term skin injuries, scars, or burns, which can increase cancer risk Genetic predisposition and family history of skin cancers Immunosuppression due to organ transplants or certain medical conditions Exposure to carcinogenic substances or chemicals Previous history of skin cancer or precancerous skin lesions Aging, which can lead to accumulated skin damage

Key Symptoms: Open sores that do not heal or keep returning Lumps or thickened patches of skin that may be ulcerated or crusted Changes in skin appearance, such as new growths or existing moles changing shape, size, or color Persistent redness or inflammation in a localized area on the face Skin lesions that may bleed or become painful Unexplained skin discoloration or pigmentation changes

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the affected skin area, with healthcare providers inspecting for suspicious lesions. A biopsy, where a small tissue sample is removed for laboratory testing, confirms the presence of malignant cells. Additional imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, might be utilized to determine if the cancer has spread nearby or to other parts of the body. Accurate mapping and documentation of the lesion location are essential for treatment planning.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical excision to remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue Mohs micrographic surgery, especially advantageous for facial lesions, to ensure complete removal while conserving tissue Radiation therapy, used when surgery isn’t feasible or as an adjunct Topical treatments such as chemotherapy creams for superficial lesions Photodynamic therapy, which uses special drugs and light to target cancer cells Systemic therapies like targeted therapy or immunotherapy for advanced cases Regular follow-up examinations to monitor for recurrence or new skin lesions