302A3H1
Transfusion Bone Marrow to Nonautologous with Whole Blood, Percutaneous Approach
Procedural Specifications
| Clinical Axis | Detail Definition |
|---|---|
| Section | 3 Administration |
| Body System | 0 Circulatory |
| Operation | 2 Transfusion |
| Body Part | A Bone Marrow |
| Approach | 3 Percutaneous |
| Device | H Whole Blood |
| Qualifier | 1 Nonautologous |
Operation Definition
Putting in blood or blood products
Procedure Overview
Transfusion is the administration of blood or a blood-derived product directly into a patient's circulation, most commonly packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, or cryoprecipitate. It is used to treat significant blood loss, severe anemia, clotting disorders, or shortages of specific blood components caused by disease or treatment such as chemotherapy.
For a patient, a transfusion means receiving donated or, less commonly, their own previously collected blood through an intravenous line. The goal is to quickly restore oxygen-carrying capacity, clotting ability, or blood volume when the body cannot do so on its own. Transfusions are generally short procedures performed at the bedside, though the underlying condition prompting them can range from routine surgical blood loss to a life-threatening hemorrhage.
Anatomy & Axis Detail
Bone Marrow
Bone marrow, the soft tissue within the medullary cavity responsible for producing blood cells, is the target when a marrow infusion or stem cell product is delivered directly rather than through the venous system, as in certain hematopoietic reconstitution procedures. Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is most often administered intravenously and coded accordingly, direct intraosseous or intramedullary delivery of marrow-derived products is captured under this body part when the substance is introduced into the marrow space itself rather than the bloodstream. This route may be considered when venous access is difficult or when localized marrow repletion is clinically intended. Documentation should specify that the product was introduced into the bone marrow compartment, since this distinguishes the approach from standard intravenous stem cell infusion and affects both technique and coding classification.
Approach: Percutaneous
In Administration, Percutaneous denotes a substance delivered by needle injection through the skin, such as an intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, without cutting or scope guidance. It differs from External, where the substance is applied to the skin surface itself, and from Via Natural or Artificial Opening, where it is introduced through an orifice rather than through a puncture.
Substance: Whole Blood
Whole Blood indicates that unseparated blood, containing red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma together, is the substance administered, generally reserved for significant acute blood loss requiring full blood component replacement. It differs from Serum Albumin and Frozen Plasma, which are individual blood-derived components rather than complete blood, and from Bone Marrow, which is administered for hematopoietic reconstitution rather than volume or oxygen-carrying replacement.
Qualifier: Nonautologous
This Administration qualifier marks a transfused substance, usually blood or a blood product, as coming from a donor other than the patient. It is the general counterpart to Autologous, and is further broken down elsewhere by donor relationship into related and unrelated allogeneic sources for certain transfusion products such as bone marrow or stem cells.
Coding & Documentation
Assigning a code from this family depends on documentation specifying the exact blood product given, whether it was autologous or from a donor, and the vessel or route used for infusion, such as a peripheral vein or central venous catheter. Nursing and physician notes recording units transfused, product type, and any reaction are the primary support for the code. A recurring error is selecting the wrong substance qualifier, for example coding platelets when frozen plasma was actually given, or overlooking that autologous blood requires a different qualifier than banked donor blood. Coders should also confirm the route matches what is documented rather than defaulting to peripheral vein.