O43.813

Clinical Causes: Impaired blood flow to the placenta, often related to maternal conditions such as hypertension or preeclampsia. Blood clot formation within placental vessels (thrombosis). Maternal smoking, which reduces oxygen delivery and impairs circulation. Autoimmune disorders that affect blood vessels, like lupus. Advanced maternal age, which can increase vascular risks. Pre-existing vascular conditions or diseases affecting blood vessels. Placental abruption or other placental abnormalities affecting blood supply.

Key Symptoms: Decreased fetal movements, which may be noticed by the mother. Unexplained fetal distress detected during prenatal monitoring. Potential bleeding or spotting in some cases. Signs of preeclampsia, such as high blood pressure, swelling, or protein in urine. Persistent abdominal discomfort or uterine tenderness. No symptoms in some cases, with infarction only found during ultrasound or delivery.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of placental infarction involves a combination of prenatal assessments and imaging techniques. Ultrasound scans with Doppler flow studies are commonly used to evaluate blood flow within the placenta. In some cases, the diagnosis is confirmed after delivery through placental examination. The healthcare provider may also monitor fetal well-being via non-stress tests or biophysical profiles during routine prenatal visits to detect signs of fetal distress indicative of placental issues.

Treatment Protocols: Frequent ultrasound examinations to assess fetal growth and blood flow. Monitoring of fetal heart rate patterns through non-stress testing. Controlling maternal blood pressure with appropriate medications if hypertension is present. Lifestyle modifications such as resting and avoiding activities that might impair circulation. In some cases, early delivery might be considered if the health of the mother or fetus is at risk. Close collaboration between obstetricians, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and other healthcare professionals to tailor care.