T50.994

Clinical Causes: Accidental ingestion of medications or biological substances due to mislabeling or misunderstanding Intentional overdose or self-harm involving drugs or biological agents Exposure to unknown or contaminated substances in industrial or laboratory settings Misuse or abuse of prescription or over-the-counter medications Adverse reactions from the combination of different drugs or substances Environmental exposure to toxic biological materials

Key Symptoms: Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain or discomfort Dizziness or lightheadedness Confusion or disorientation Lethargy or drowsiness Respiratory difficulty, including shortness of breath Altered mental state or unconsciousness in severe cases Tremors or seizures Skin reactions such as rash or redness Unusual feelings of anxiety, agitation, or panic

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Healthcare providers may inquire about recent exposures, medication use, and potential contact with hazardous substances. Laboratory tests, including blood and urine analysis, help detect the presence of specific drugs or biological agents. Additionally, toxicology screens can identify underlying substances responsible for poisoning. When the exact substance remains unknown, clinicians rely on clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory results to guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs) Activated charcoal administration to reduce absorption if within the appropriate time frame after ingestion Administration of antidotes if specific substances are identified and antidotes are available Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and support blood pressure Symptomatic treatment to manage seizures, agitation, or respiratory issues Continuous monitoring of vital signs and neurological status In severe cases, hospitalization, and supportive care in an intensive care unit