M02.12

Clinical Causes: Previous bacterial infection in the gut, typically caused by pathogens such as Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, or Campylobacter. An abnormal immune response to the infection, which mistakenly targets the joints. Genetic predispositions that may influence immune reactions. Environmental factors or other infections that could trigger a similar immune response.

Key Symptoms: Pain in the elbow joint, which may worsen with movement. Swelling around the elbow, sometimes accompanied by warmth and redness. Stiffness in the elbow, especially after periods of rest. Limited range of motion, making it difficult to fully bend or straighten the arm. Tenderness when pressing on the affected area. Occasional systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever or fatigue.

Diagnosis Path: Review of the patient's medical history, especially recent gastrointestinal infections. Physical examination of the elbow for signs of swelling, tenderness, and reduced mobility. Laboratory tests including blood work to detect signs of inflammation and exclude other causes. Analysis of joint fluid (if aspirated) to rule out infection or gout. Imaging tests like X-rays or MRI can help assess joint damage or rule out other joint conditions. Serological tests for specific bacteria may be conducted to identify prior infections that could be linked to the arthritis.

Treatment Protocols: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and swelling. Physical therapy to improve joint mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles. Rest and joint protection to prevent further irritation. Corticosteroids, administered orally or via injections, may be used in severe cases to control inflammation. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are rarely necessary but can be considered in persistent or severe cases. Treatment of the original gastrointestinal infection, if active, with appropriate antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider.