L89.3

Clinical Causes: Prolonged pressure on the skin especially over bony prominences Extended immobility due to illness, paralysis, or sedation Friction and shear forces exerted during movement or repositioning Poor nutritional status leading to fragile skin Moisture from sweat, urine, or feces that weakens skin integrity Medical conditions impairing blood flow and healing, such as diabetes or vascular disease

Key Symptoms: Red or purple discoloration on the skin that persists after pressure is relieved Open wounds or ulcers with visible tissue damage Tenderness, pain, or a burning sensation in the affected area Swelling or signs of infection such as pus or foul odor In severe cases, tissue necrosis may be evident Limited mobility or difficulty in repositioning due to pain

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a physical examination to assess the extent and depth of the ulcer, often classified into stages from I to IV. Healthcare providers may use imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans to evaluate underlying tissues and rule out infection or bone damage. The assessment also includes reviewing the patient’s medical history, nutritional status, and level of mobility.

Treatment Protocols: Relieving pressure by regularly repositioning the patient and using specialized cushions or beds Cleaning the ulcer gently with saline or prescribed solutions to prevent infection Debridement to remove dead or infected tissue, which may be performed manually or surgically Applying dressings that maintain a moist environment to facilitate healing Managing pain effectively with appropriate medications Treating any infections with antibiotics if necessary Ensuring optimal nutritional support to promote tissue repair Monitoring for signs of worsening or complications, such as cellulitis or osteomyelitis Surgical interventions may be needed for severe ulcers, including flap coverage or skin grafts