K04.2

Clinical Causes: Deep dental caries (cavities) that extend into the pulp Repeated dental procedures on the same tooth Trauma or injury to the tooth Cracks or fractures in the tooth structure Chronic pulpitis (long-standing inflammation of the pulp) Exposure to extreme temperatures (cold or hot foods/drinks)

Key Symptoms: Persistent toothache or throbbing pain Sensitivity to hot or cold stimuli Discomfort while chewing or biting Swelling or tenderness around the affected tooth Discoloration or darkening of the tooth Presence of dental abscess or swelling in the gums

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination and radiographs (X-rays). Dentists look for signs such as loss of pulp vitality, visible calcifications or denticles within the pulp chamber, and radiographic evidence of pulp calcifications or other changes. Pulp testing procedures, including thermal and electric pulp tests, may be used to assess the vitality of the pulp tissue. Imaging can reveal denticles (small calcified bodies within the pulp), which are characteristic of pulp calcification or degeneration.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity of the pulp degeneration. Common approaches include: - **Root canal therapy:** To remove the diseased pulp tissue, disinfect the canal, and seal it to prevent infection. - **Pulp capping:** For minor cases where the pulp is still vital but shows signs of degeneration, a medicated dressing may be applied to protect the pulp. - **Extraction:** In cases where the tooth cannot be saved, removal of the tooth may be necessary. During treatment, dentists may also address calcifications like denticles, which can complicate root canal procedures. Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection and management.