M02.341

Clinical Causes: Recent bacterial infections, often in the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract, such as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, or Chlamydia. Genetic factors, including the presence of the HLA-B27 gene, which increases susceptibility. Environmental factors, such as stress or trauma, which may trigger immune responses. Potential triggering by microbial agents in susceptible individuals.

Key Symptoms: Joint pain, swelling, and redness, particularly in the affected hand (right hand in this case). Tenderness and limited range of motion in the affected joint. Enthesitis — inflammation where tendons or ligaments attach to bone. Conjunctivitis or uveitis, causing eye redness and discomfort. Urinary symptoms like pain or frequency if the urinary tract is involved. Skin changes such as ulcers, rashes, or keratoderma blenorrhagicum. Laboratory evidence of inflammation, sometimes confirmed with blood tests.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of Reiter's disease involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Physicians typically review recent infections, joint symptoms, and systemic signs. Blood tests may show elevated inflammatory markers like ESR or CRP. Specific tests for infectious agents and genetic markers such as HLA-B27 can support the diagnosis. Imaging studies, including X-rays, might reveal joint damage or inflammation, especially in chronic cases. A detailed medical history and physical examination are essential to distinguish Reiter's disease from other types of arthritis.

Treatment Protocols: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and swelling. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like sulfasalazine or methotrexate for ongoing joint inflammation. Corticosteroid injections or oral steroids in severe cases to diminish immune response. Antibiotic therapy if an ongoing or recent infection is identified. Physical therapy to maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength. Supportive care, including rest and elevation of the affected hand when swelling is prominent. Monitoring for complications such as chronic arthritis or organ involvement.