M02.30

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infections, especially gastrointestinal infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, or Campylobacter. Genital infections, particularly Chlamydia trachomatis. Genetic predisposition, such as the presence of the HLA-B27 gene, may increase susceptibility. Environmental factors and immune system responses that trigger inflammation following infection.

Key Symptoms: Joint pain and swelling, often in knees, ankles, or feet. Inflammation of the eyes, leading to redness, pain, and sensitivity to light. Urinary problems, including pain during urination or urethritis. Skin rashes or lesions, sometimes resembling psoriasis. Mild fever and fatigue. Mucous membrane sores or ulcers in the mouth or genital area.

Diagnosis Path: - Physical examinations to assess joint swelling, redness, and mobility. - Blood tests to identify markers of inflammation and exclude other conditions. - Urinalysis to detect urinary tract involvement. - Swab tests or stool cultures to identify recent infections. - Imaging studies, such as X-rays, to observe joint changes. - Testing for HLA-B27 gene, as its presence can support the diagnosis but is not definitive. - Differential diagnosis to rule out other forms of arthritis or autoimmune diseases.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for Reiter's disease aims to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation. Approaches include: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, to relieve joint pain and swelling. - Corticosteroids for more severe inflammation, administered orally or via injections. - Antibiotics if an active infection is identified, although their role in reactive arthritis is limited and typically used when active infection persists. - Physical therapy to maintain joint function and enhance mobility. - Rest and joint support to reduce strain and pain during acute phases. - In chronic or resistant cases, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologic agents may be considered under specialist supervision. - Regular monitoring to observe disease progression and treatment effectiveness.