M85.19

Clinical Causes: Prolonged consumption of water with high fluoride concentrations, often found in certain geographic regions. Occupational exposure to fluoride in industries such as aluminum, glass, or fertilizer manufacturing. Ingesting fluoride supplements beyond recommended dosages. In rare cases, excessive use of fluoride-containing dental products over long periods.

Key Symptoms: Bone pain and tenderness, especially in the spine, pelvis, and long bones. Stiffness and restricted movement in affected joints. Progressive bone deformities or thickening, particularly in the skull, ribs, and vertebrae. Muscle weakness and fatigue. In advanced cases, neurological symptoms such as nerve compression may occur due to bone changes. Dental fluorosis, which may manifest as mottled, discolored, or pitted teeth, often accompanying skeletal fluorosis. Calcification of ligaments and joints, causing further stiffness and mobility issues.

Diagnosis Path: Medical history review focusing on fluoride exposure history. Physical examination assessing bone deformities and mobility restrictions. Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs revealing characteristic bone changes and calcifications. Laboratory tests measuring fluoride levels in blood, urine, or bone tissue samples. Exclusion of other bone disorders like osteoporosis or osteomalacia to confirm diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Reducing fluoride exposure by switching to safe water sources and avoiding high-fluoride products. Pain management through medications like NSAIDs to alleviate discomfort. Physiotherapy aimed at maintaining joint mobility and muscle strength. Nutritional support emphasizing calcium and vitamin D intake to promote bone health. Regular monitoring of fluoride levels and bone condition to assess disease progression. In severe cases, surgical intervention might be considered to correct deformities or relieve nerve compression.