M85.149

Clinical Causes: Chronic ingestion of fluoride through drinking water containing high fluoride concentrations Prolonged exposure to fluoride in industrial settings, such as aluminum, phosphate, or fertilizer manufacturing Use of fluoride supplements beyond recommended doses Certain regions with naturally high fluoride levels in groundwater

Key Symptoms: Bone pain and tenderness, especially in the affected area Hardening or thickening of the bones in the hand Deformities or abnormal joint appearance Reduced grip strength or dexterity Stiffness and limited range of motion in the hand In some cases, nerve compression symptoms such as numbness or tingling

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing skeletal fluorosis involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies. Healthcare providers may inquire about environmental and occupational fluoride exposure. Imaging techniques like X-rays can reveal characteristic changes such as increased bone density, ossification, or deformities in the hand bones. Laboratory tests may include fluoride level measurements in blood or urine, though these are more useful in confirming exposure than diagnosing the disease itself. Differential diagnosis may be necessary to distinguish fluorosis from other bone disorders.

Treatment Protocols: There is no specific cure for skeletal fluorosis; management focuses on alleviating symptoms and preventing further fluoride accumulation. Strategies include reducing fluoride exposure by switching to safe drinking water sources, modifying occupational exposure, or discontinuing fluoride supplements. Symptomatic treatments such as analgesics or anti-inflammatory medications may help manage pain. Physical therapy can improve joint mobility and strength. In advanced cases with significant deformity or nerve compression, surgical intervention might be considered. Monitoring fluoride levels and bone health over time is essential in managing the condition.