C44.529

Clinical Causes: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds History of sunburns or frequent sun exposure Skin injuries or chronic wounds that may develop into cancerous growths Weakened immune system due to illnesses or medication Exposure to carcinogenic substances such as arsenic History of previous skin cancers Certain genetic conditions that predispose to skin cancer

Key Symptoms: Persistent scaly or crusted skin patches that may bleed or ulcerate Raised, firm nodules or lumps with a rough surface Open sores that do not heal over time Redness and swelling around the affected area Irregular or poorly defined borders of skin lesions Possible pain or discomfort in the affected region Changes in the skin's appearance, such as new growths or changes in existing moles

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a clinical examination of the skin lesion, followed by a biopsy, where a small sample of tissue is removed and examined under a microscope. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may be used to determine if the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes. The doctor assesses the lesion's size, depth, and involvement to plan suitable management.

Treatment Protocols: Treating squamous cell carcinoma usually requires removal of the cancerous tissue. Common approaches include: - Surgical excision to remove the tumor entirely - Mohs micrographic surgery, especially for larger or recurrent lesions - Cryotherapy, using extreme cold to destroy abnormal cells - Topical treatments such as creams or ointments in early or superficial cases - Radiation therapy in cases where surgery isn't feasible or for advanced cancers - Systemic therapies like targeted therapy or immunotherapy if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body Regular follow-up is essential after treatment to monitor for recurrence or new skin cancers.