S63.12

Clinical Causes: Trauma from falls or direct blows to the thumb Sports injuries involving forceful gripping or twisting motions Crush injuries from heavy objects Accidental catches or jams during activities such as lifting or opening objects Falls onto an outstretched hand that transmits force to the thumb

Key Symptoms: Sudden, sharp pain in the thumb joint Swelling around the interphalangeal joint Inability to bend or straighten the thumb fully Deformity of the thumb, which may appear displaced or misaligned Bruising or discoloration around the joint Tenderness to touch A feeling of instability or looseness in the joint

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, who assesses swelling, deformity, and range of motion. To confirm the extent and exact position of the injury, imaging tests such as X-rays are often performed. These images help distinguish between a subluxation, dislocation, or fractures, guiding the appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity of the injury. Common approaches include: - **Reduction**: The healthcare provider gently realigns the joint if displaced, often under local anesthesia. - **Immobilization**: Using a splint or cast to keep the thumb stable during healing, usually for a few weeks. - **Pain management**: Taking over-the-counter pain relievers or applying ice to reduce swelling and discomfort. - **Physical therapy**: After immobilization, exercises may be recommended to restore mobility, strength, and function. - **Surgical intervention**: In cases where the joint cannot be realigned without surgery or if there are associated fractures, an operation may be necessary to repair or stabilize the joint. Recovery involves rest, gradual movement resumption, and careful follow-up to monitor healing and prevent complications.