T63.08

Clinical Causes: Bite from specific African or Asian snake species known for potent venom Accidental encounter or provoked contact with venomous snakes Handling or attempting to capture snakes that are venomous Environmental factors leading to snake bites, such as hiking or farming in endemic areas

Key Symptoms: Pain, swelling, and redness at the site of bite Nausea and vomiting Muscle weakness or paralysis Difficulty breathing or swallowing Increased heart rate and blood pressure Dizziness or fainting Signs of systemic poisoning, such as sweating or dehydration Potential tissue damage or necrosis around the bite area

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis primarily involves clinical evaluation by a healthcare professional, who will review the patient’s history of exposure to venomous snakes and examine the bite area. Laboratory tests, such as blood tests, may be used to assess organ function and the extent of envenomation. Identification of the snake species can sometimes be helpful but should not delay treatment. In some cases, imaging studies might be performed to evaluate tissue damage.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for venom effects from African and Asian snakes focuses on controlling symptoms and preventing complications. The main interventions include: - **Antivenom administration:** Targeted antivenom is the primary treatment. The specific type depends on the snake species involved. - **Supportive care:** Managing pain, maintaining fluid balance, and monitoring vital signs. - **Wound care:** Proper cleaning and possible surgical intervention for tissue damage. - **Medications:** Pain relievers, tetanus prophylaxis, and medications to support breathing if necessary. - **Monitoring:** Continuous observation for signs of worsening condition or allergic reactions to antivenom. - **Other measures:** Oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation in severe cases, alongside supportive therapies to stabilize patient health.