I01.2

Clinical Causes: Recent infection with group A streptococcus bacteria, often causing strep throat or scarlet fever Immune system reaction that mistakenly targets heart tissue following streptococcal infection Genetic predisposition, making some individuals more susceptible to rheumatic fever and myocarditis

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Chest pain or discomfort Fatigue and weakness Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down Palpitations or irregular heartbeat Swelling in the legs or abdomen Joint pain, swelling, or tenderness (arthritis) Skin rashes or nodules in the joints

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to detect signs like abnormal heart rhythms, joint inflammation, or skin rashes Electrocardiogram (ECG) to identify abnormal heart rhythms or signs of myocarditis Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to assess heart function and detect inflammation or damage Blood tests to detect markers of inflammation, evidence of recent streptococcal infection, or immune activity Throat swab or rapid strep test to confirm a recent streptococcal infection Chest X-ray to visualize heart size and rule out other conditions

Treatment Protocols: Anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation of the heart muscle Antibiotics to eradicate any remaining streptococcal bacteria and prevent recurrent infections Rest allows the heart to recover by minimizing physical exertion that can stress the inflamed myocardium Medications to manage symptoms like heart failure or arrhythmias if present Long-term follow-up to monitor heart health and prevent progression to chronic rheumatic heart disease