J03.00

Clinical Causes: Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, specifically group A Streptococcus Close contact with someone who has strep throat Sharing food, drinks, or utensils with an infected person Poor hand hygiene promoting bacterial spread Exposure to crowded places such as schools or daycare centers

Key Symptoms: Sore throat that develops quickly Pain when swallowing Red and swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches or streaks of pus Fever, often high Headache and body aches Redness in the back of the throat and swollen lymph nodes in the neck Absence of cough, which helps differentiate from viral infections Nausea or vomiting, especially in children Bad breath

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis generally involves a physical examination of the throat and neck and may include rapid antigen detection tests or throat cultures to identify Streptococcus bacteria. These tests help confirm whether the infection is bacterial, as symptoms of viral and bacterial sore throats can overlap. Blood tests are rarely necessary but may be used in some cases to assess the severity or rule out other conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment primarily involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection and reduce the risk of complications. Common antibiotics prescribed include penicillin or amoxicillin. If allergic to penicillin, alternative medications such as cephalexin or erythromycin may be used. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve pain and reduce fever. Rest, hydration, and soothing throat remedies can also support recovery. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve earlier to prevent the recurrence of infection and complications.