T78.2

Clinical Causes: Allergic reactions to foods such as nuts, shellfish, or dairy products Insect stings or bites from bees, wasps, or other insects Certain medications, including antibiotics and pain relievers Exposure to latex or other materials that may trigger allergic responses Exercise-induced anaphylaxis in some individuals Rarely, exposure to environmental factors like dust or pollen in sensitive individuals

Key Symptoms: Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (angioedema) Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Wheezing or tightness in the chest Rapid or weak pulse Drop in blood pressure (hypotension) Dizziness or fainting Skin reactions such as hives, redness, or rash Feeling of impending doom or severe anxiety Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal cramps

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing anaphylactic shock involves a thorough clinical assessment of the symptoms and history of allergen exposure. Emergency healthcare providers may perform physical examinations and ask about recent foods, insect bites, or medication intake. In some cases, blood tests or skin prick tests are conducted later to identify specific allergies. Immediate diagnosis is primarily based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, especially in the context of recent allergen exposure.

Treatment Protocols: Anaphylactic shock is a medical emergency. Treatment typically involves the rapid administration of epinephrine (adrenaline), which helps reverse the severe allergic reaction. Additional treatments may include antihistamines, corticosteroids, and medications to support blood pressure and breathing. Patients who experience anaphylaxis are often advised to carry epinephrine auto-injectors and seek immediate medical care if symptoms recur or worsen. Post-episode, healthcare providers may recommend allergy testing and strategies for avoidance of known allergens.