I71.23

Clinical Causes: Atherosclerosis (buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries) Genetic connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Hypertension (high blood pressure) Infections that weaken the arterial wall Trauma or injury to the chest area Aging-related degeneration of the arterial wall History of prior aortic aneurysm or vascular disease

Key Symptoms: Often asymptomatic in early stages Chest pain or discomfort, which may radiate to the back or abdomen Back pain or deep chest pain Shortness of breath or cough if pressing on adjacent structures Hoarseness or difficulty swallowing in some cases Symptoms related to compression of nearby nerves or structures Signs of aneurysm growth, such as a pulsatile mass in the chest

Diagnosis Path: Chest X-ray to visualize the aorta and identify abnormal enlargements Computed Tomography (CT) scan, providing detailed cross-sectional images of the thoracic area Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for detailed vascular imaging without ionizing radiation Echocardiography, especially transesophageal echocardiography, to assess the size and structure of the aorta Blood tests may be performed to evaluate overall health and identify underlying conditions

Treatment Protocols: Regular monitoring with imaging studies for small, asymptomatic aneurysms Blood pressure control through medications to reduce stress on the aortic wall Surgical repair for large or rapidly enlarging aneurysms, often involving graft placement to reinforce the weakened vessel Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), a minimally invasive procedure where a stent-graft is inserted via blood vessels to reinforce the aorta Lifestyle modifications, including smoking cessation, healthy diet, and exercise Managing underlying conditions such as hypertension or connective tissue disorders