S14.136

Clinical Causes: Traumatic injury such as a motor vehicle accident, fall, or sports injury leading to compression or tearing of the anterior spinal cord Spinal fractures or dislocations at the C6 vertebral level Hematoma formation due to bleeding around the spinal cord Degenerative diseases causing compression or ischemia of the anterior spinal cord Infections or tumors involving the cervical spinal cord Vascular events such as anterior spinal artery infarction that impair blood flow to the anterior part of the cord

Key Symptoms: Loss of motor function or paralysis below the injury level, often more pronounced than sensory loss Loss of pain and temperature sensation due to damage to the spinothalamic tract pathways in the anterior cord Preservation of vibration, proprioception, and light touch sensation because dorsal columns are typically spared Possible bladder and bowel dysfunction depending on the severity and extent of injury Muscle weakness or paralysis affecting the arms and legs below the C6 level Rapid development of neurological deficits following injury

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of anterior cord syndrome at the C6 level involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Medical professionals will assess neurological function, including motor strength and sensory testing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for visualizing the extent and location of the injury, identifying compressive lesions, hemorrhages, or ischemic changes. CT scans may be used to assess bony injuries, while other tests like angiography might be necessary if vascular injury is suspected.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on managing the underlying cause and supporting neurological recovery. This may include surgical intervention to decompress the spinal cord or stabilize vertebral fractures. Medical management can involve corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, pain control, and supportive therapies for bladder, bowel, and respiratory functions. Rehabilitation programs, including physical and occupational therapy, are crucial for maximizing functional recovery. Long-term care may involve assistive devices and strategies to adapt to neurological deficits.