S14.125

Clinical Causes: Traumatic injury due to falls, motor vehicle accidents, or sports injuries Degenerative conditions such as cervical spondylosis or herniated discs Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal) Injuries involving hyperextension of the neck History of prior neck trauma or degenerative disease making the spinal cord more vulnerable

Key Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis primarily in the arms and hands Relative preservation of leg strength, though some may also be affected Sensory deficits, such as numbness or decreased sensation in the affected areas Loss of fine motor skills affecting activities like writing or buttoning shirts Possible urinary or bowel dysfunction depending on injury severity Swelling or tenderness in the neck region (following trauma)

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of central cord syndrome involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Healthcare providers typically perform neurological assessments to evaluate motor and sensory function. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality, as it provides detailed images of the spinal cord and surrounding structures. Additional tests may include X-rays to identify fractures or instability and sometimes CT scans for detailed bone assessment.

Treatment Protocols: Immobilization of the neck in cases of trauma to prevent further injury Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling, if administered early Physical therapy and occupational therapy to improve strength, motor control, and adapt to functional limitations Surgical intervention in cases involving significant structural damage, herniated discs, or instability Rehabilitation programs tailored to restore as much function as possible Monitoring and management of bladder and bowel functions if affected