N26.1

Clinical Causes: Chronic kidney infections leading to scarring and tissue loss Obstruction of the urinary tract causing prolonged pressure and damage Vascular diseases reducing blood flow to the kidneys Chronic glomerulonephritis, which causes inflammation and damage to the glomeruli Aging process, where natural decline in kidney tissue occurs Previous kidney injuries or traumas Long-standing hypertension (high blood pressure) Diabetes mellitus leading to diabetic nephropathy Exposure to nephrotoxic substances such as certain medications or toxins

Key Symptoms: Decreased urine output Swelling in the legs, ankles, or around the eyes Fatigue and weakness High blood pressure that is difficult to control Loss of appetite and nausea Shortness of breath Possible symptoms of underlying causes such as infections or obstructions

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of terminal kidney atrophy involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests: - Blood tests to assess kidney function, including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - Urinalysis to detect protein, blood, or other abnormalities - Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI to evaluate kidney size and structure - Kidney biopsy may be performed in some cases to determine underlying pathology The healthcare provider will analyze these results to establish the extent of tissue loss and kidney function impairment.

Treatment Protocols: Management of terminal kidney atrophy focuses on slowing disease progression, managing symptoms, and addressing underlying causes: - Controlling blood pressure through medications and lifestyle modifications - Managing blood sugar levels in diabetic patients - Avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and substances - Treating infections promptly - Dietary adjustments, including reduced salt intake and protein management - Dialysis may become necessary when kidney function declines significantly - In some cases, kidney transplantation could be considered if suitable The specific treatment approach depends on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health, guided by a healthcare professional.