G90.4

Clinical Causes: Bladder distension or infection Bowel impaction or stool retention Advanced pressure ulcers or skin irritation Narrowing of blood vessels (vasoconstriction) caused by temperature changes or other stimuli Stimuli from sexual activity or labor Other painful or noxious stimuli below the level of spinal injury

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of high blood pressure Severe headache Feeling of a pounding or throbbing head Profuse sweating above the level of injury Flushing or redness of the skin above the injury Chills or goosebumps Blurred vision or spots in front of the eyes Nasal congestion Feeling anxious or apprehensive Goosebumps or increase in muscle tone below the injury

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of measuring blood pressure, assessing symptoms, and identifying possible triggers. Healthcare providers will regularly monitor blood pressure and evaluate for underlying causes such as bladder or bowel problems. In some cases, additional tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis of autonomic dysreflexia.

Treatment Protocols: Effective management of autonomic dysreflexia focuses on removing or alleviating the triggering stimulus and controlling blood pressure. Immediate steps include: - Promptly sitting or elevating the head to reduce blood pressure - Checking for and addressing triggers such as bladder distention or bowel impaction - Performing necessary interventions, like catheterization to drain the bladder or bowel management - Administering medications as prescribed to lower blood pressure Long-term strategies involve regular monitoring, injury management, and education about avoiding triggers to reduce the risk of episodes.