K85.11

Clinical Causes: Gallstones obstructing the pancreatic or bile ducts Obstruction of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct Rapid stone movement or blockage causing pancreatic enzyme activation Certain medical procedures or injuries that impair bile flow Less commonly, tumors or strictures in the bile or pancreatic ducts

Key Symptoms: Severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back Nausea and vomiting Abdominal tenderness and swelling Fever, if mild inflammation increases Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) in some cases

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to check for elevated pancreatic enzymes such as amylase and lipase, which indicate pancreatic inflammation Imaging studies like abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scans to visualize gallstones, pancreatic inflammation, and areas of necrosis Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to evaluate the bile and pancreatic ducts Endoscopic procedures, such as endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), to further assess ductal obstructions

Treatment Protocols: Hospitalization for close monitoring and supportive care Fasting or nutritional support, often through IV fluids, to rest the pancreas Pain management with appropriate medications Intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance Treating bile duct stones, which may involve endoscopic removal or surgery Antibiotics are generally not used unless there is evidence of infection Surgical intervention might be necessary to remove gallstones or repair duct damage Long-term management may include cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) to prevent future attacks