S14.141

Clinical Causes: Traumatic neck injury from accidents or falls Spinal cord tumors or neoplasms Infections affecting the spinal cord such as herpes zoster Multiple sclerosis leading to partial spinal cord lesions Spinal cord hemorrhage or stroke within the cervical region Congenital abnormalities causing spinal cord compression

Key Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body below the injury (hemiparesis or hemiplegia) Loss of sensation, including touch, pain, temperature, and proprioception, on the opposite side of the weakness Possible loss of fine touch and proprioception on the affected side Reduced or absent reflexes below the level of injury Muscle spasms or stiffness in muscles below the injury Autonomic dysfunction, which may include issues with blood pressure regulation and bladder or bowel control Pain or abnormal sensations at or below the injury level

Diagnosis Path: The diagnosis of Brown-Séquard syndrome is primarily clinical, supported by imaging studies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality to visualize the extent and location of spinal cord damage, aiding in differentiating this condition from other spinal cord disorders. Neurological examinations are vital to assess motor, sensory, and reflex deficits consistent with the syndrome.

Treatment Protocols: Managing Brown-Séquard syndrome involves a multidisciplinary approach focusing on stabilization, symptom relief, and rehabilitation. Initial treatment may include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling. Surgery might be necessary to decompress the spinal cord or remove any compressive lesions if applicable. Supportive therapies such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive devices are integral to improving functional outcomes. Long-term management also addresses autonomic dysfunction and prevention of secondary complications.