T28.1

Clinical Causes: Ingestion of hot liquids or foods, such as hot beverages or stews Swallowing corrosive substances like concentrated acids or alkalis Accidental ingestion of chemical agents, especially in children or individuals with cognitive impairments Inhalation of hot vapors that can damage the esophageal lining Intentional ingestion of harmful chemicals in suicide attempts

Key Symptoms: Severe pain in the chest or throat, especially when swallowing Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Feeling of a burning sensation in the chest or mouth Drooling due to difficulty swallowing saliva Nausea and vomiting, sometimes with blood Hoarseness or change in voice Fever if infection develops as a complication

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of patient history and physical examination. Endoscopy is considered the most definitive method, allowing direct visualization of the esophageal lining to assess the extent of injury. Imaging studies like X-rays with contrast may be used to detect perforations or strictures. Laboratory tests might be performed to evaluate for infections or other complications. Early diagnosis is essential for appropriate management and to minimize long-term damage.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate removal of the harmful substance, if still present NPO status (nothing by mouth) to rest the esophagus Intravenous fluids to maintain hydration Medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation Pain management using appropriate analgesics Endoscopic procedures to dilate strictures or remove damaged tissue Surgical intervention in severe cases, such as perforation repair Monitoring for complications like infections or strictures Long-term follow-up for potential scarring or narrowing of the esophagus