T31.2

Clinical Causes: Thermal contact with hot objects or liquids, such as fires or hot surfaces Exposure to flames during accidents or fires Contact with scalding hot water or steam Electrical burns from contact with live wires Chemical burns from acids or alkalis Radiation exposure, such as from radiation therapy or accidents

Key Symptoms: Severe pain or numbness in the affected area Swelling and blistering of the skin Charred or white, leathery skin in the burn area Possible white or charred tissue damage Loss of skin elasticity in burns Fever or chills, indicating potential infection Signs of shock, such as weakness, rapid heartbeat, or dizziness

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional. The assessment includes estimating the percentage of body surface area affected, often using tools like the Lund and Browder chart. Additional tests may include blood work to monitor for infection or organ function and imaging studies if internal injuries are suspected. The healthcare provider will assess the depth and severity of the burn to plan appropriate treatment.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for burns involving 20-29% of the body surface focuses on stabilizing the patient, preventing infection, managing pain, and promoting healing. Key interventions include: - **Initial stabilization**: Ensuring airway, breathing, and circulation are maintained. - **Wound care**: Cleaning the burn area, applying specialized dressings, and possibly debriding dead tissue. - **Fluid management**: Administering intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration and shock. - **Pain control**: Using medications to manage discomfort. - **Preventing infection**: Using antibiotics or topical agents as needed. - **Surgical procedures**: Skin grafts or other surgeries may be necessary if wounds do not heal properly. - **Supportive care**: Nutritional support, physical therapy, and psychological support are often required during recovery. Severe burns also necessitate treatment in specialized burn units, where multidisciplinary teams can provide comprehensive care.