T31.63

Clinical Causes: Thermal injuries from fires, explosions, or hot liquids Electrical burns from contact with high-voltage sources Chemical burns from exposure to strong acids or alkalis Friction burns during traumatic accidents

Key Symptoms: Severe pain in affected areas, although nerve damage may reduce sensation in some areas Charred, white, or blackened skin indicating dead tissue Swelling and blistering of the skin Pale or mottled skin in cases of impaired circulation Signs of shock such as rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, and dizziness Loss of large sections of skin and tissue in extensive burns Possible exposure of underlying tissues, muscles, or bones

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is primarily based on physical examination of the burn area, assessing the extent and depth of burns. Healthcare providers may estimate the percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) affected and determine burn depth through visual assessment and, if needed, biopsy. Additional tests like blood work or imaging studies may be performed to check for complications such as infection or organ damage.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for extensive burns involving a large portion of the body, especially with third-degree burns, often requires a specialized burn care unit. Key components include: - Immediate measures to stabilize breathing, circulation, and prevent shock - Pain management using appropriate medications - Fluid resuscitation to replace lost fluids and maintain blood pressure - Removal of burned tissue if necessary (escharotomy or debridement) - Surgical interventions such as skin grafts to cover missing tissue - Infection control with sterile techniques and antibiotics when necessary - Nutritional support to promote healing - Long-term rehabilitation including physiotherapy and psychological support Some patients may require transfer to a specialized burn center for comprehensive care and rehabilitation.