T31.7

Clinical Causes: Thermal sources such as fires, hot liquids, or steam Electrical injuries from faulty wiring or high-voltage equipment Chemical exposure involving strong acids or alkalis Inhalation of hot gases or smoke in fire accidents

Key Symptoms: Extensive redness, swelling, and blistering of the skin Severity of pain varies depending on depth and extent of burns Skin appears charred or leathery in the most severe areas Loss of skin functioning in affected areas Signs of shock such as rapid heartbeat, dizziness, or fainting Potential damage to underlying tissues including muscles and bones In some cases, blistering may be widespread or absent due to deep burns

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional to assess the extent and depth of burns. The percentage of body surface area affected is estimated using guide charts like the 'Rule of Nines' or the Lund and Browder chart. Imaging tests or biopsies might be performed if deeper tissue damage is suspected. The healthcare provider also evaluates potential complications such as infections, inhalation injuries, or signs of shock. Accurate assessment helps determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of extensive burns covering 70-79% of the body surface includes multiple coordinated steps: - **Initial Care:** Includes stopping the burning process, ensuring airway patency, providing oxygen, and managing pain. - **Fluid Resuscitation:** Critical to replace lost fluids and prevent shock; typically involves IV fluids. - **Wound Care:** Removal of dead tissue, application of sterile dressings, and sometimes surgical intervention such as debridement or skin grafts. - **Infection Prevention:** Use of antibiotics, antiseptics, and strict aseptic techniques in wound care. - **Supportive Measures:** Pain management, nutritional support to promote healing, and monitoring for complications. - **Rehabilitation:** Physical therapy to maintain mobility and skin elasticity, and psychological support to cope with trauma. - **Specialized Burn Centers:** Patients with extensive burns are often treated at specialized centers equipped for complex burn management and rehabilitation.