D06.7

Clinical Causes: Persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV 16 and HPV 18 Multiple sexual partners or early sexual activity, increasing HPV exposure risk Immunosuppression, such as in HIV infection or immunosuppressive therapy Smoking, which can contribute to cellular changes in the cervix History of abnormal Pap smears or previous cervical dysplasia Socioeconomic factors influencing access to regular screening and healthcare

Key Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, especially in early stages Possible abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after intercourse or between periods Unusual vaginal discharge that may be watery or bloody Pelvic pain is uncommon but can occasionally occur in advanced cases

Diagnosis Path: Pap smear (Pap test): detects abnormal cervical cells during routine screening Colposcopy: a detailed examination of the cervix using a special microscope to identify abnormal areas Biopsy: removal of tissue samples from suspicious areas for microscopic examination HPV testing: identifies high-risk HPV types associated with cervical dysplasia Additional imaging tests are generally not required for initial diagnosis but may be used to assess the extent if invasive cancer develops

Treatment Protocols: Cryotherapy: freezing abnormal cells to destroy them Laser therapy: using a focused laser beam to remove abnormal tissue Conization (conization biopsy): surgical removal of a cone-shaped section of abnormal tissue Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP): using a wire loop heated by electric current to excise abnormal areas Follow-up screening: regular Pap smears and HPV testing to monitor for recurrence or new lesions