D00.2

Clinical Causes: Genetic factors and family history of stomach cancer Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria Long-term inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) Diet high in smoked, salted, or pickled foods smoking and excessive alcohol consumption Previous history of stomach ulcers or other gastric conditions Exposure to certain environmental toxins

Key Symptoms: Generally, carcinoma in situ of the stomach may not cause noticeable symptoms in early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include: - Persistent indigestion or heartburn - Unexplained nausea or vomiting - Feeling full after eating small amounts - Unintentional weight loss - Abdominal discomfort or pain - Bleeding or anemia, leading to weakness and fatigue

Diagnosis Path: Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the stomach to visualize and identify abnormal areas. Biopsy: Tissue samples are taken during the endoscopy to examine the cellular characteristics under a microscope. Imaging tests: Procedures such as CT scans or upper GI series may be used to assess the extent and rule out invasion or spread. Laboratory tests: Blood tests may help detect anemia or other indications of bleeding or inflammation.

Treatment Protocols: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR): A minimally invasive procedure to remove the lesion during endoscopy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): A more advanced method suitable for larger or more complex lesions. Monitoring and follow-up: Regular surveillance with endoscopy to detect any recurrence or development of new lesions. Lifestyle modifications: Changes in diet, quitting smoking, and decreasing alcohol intake to reduce risk factors.