H34.811

Clinical Causes: Atherosclerosis, a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, which can lead to narrowing and blockages. High blood pressure (hypertension) that damages blood vessel walls over time. Diabetes mellitus, which affects blood vessels and increases the risk of occlusion. Blood disorders such as blood clotting abnormalities (e.g., hypercoagulable states). Glaucoma, a condition that increases pressure within the eye, affecting blood flow. Age-related changes in blood vessels, making them more prone to blockage. Smoking, which damages blood vessels and promotes clot formation. Previous eye conditions or injuries that might contribute to blood flow disruption.

Key Symptoms: Sudden painless loss or blurring of vision in the affected eye. Diplopia (double vision), in some cases. Visual distortions, such as straight lines appearing crooked. Absence of pain, which distinguishes it from other eye conditions like optic neuritis. Reduced visual acuity, which can vary from mild to severe. Possible appearance of hemorrhages or swelling upon eye examination.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of CRVO involves a comprehensive eye exam performed by an ophthalmologist, including visual acuity testing and slit-lamp examination. Fundoscopy, an essential diagnostic tool, allows visualization of the retina to identify hemorrhages, swelling, or vessel congestion. Additional tests like optical coherence tomography (OCT) can assess retinal swelling, while fluorescein angiography evaluates blood flow and identifies areas of blockage or leakage. These diagnostic procedures help confirm the presence of a central retinal vein occlusion and determine its severity.

Treatment Protocols: Intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) agents to reduce macular edema and improve vision. Steroid injections into the eye to control swelling and inflammation. Laser therapy, such as scatter or grid laser photocoagulation, to treat areas of retinal ischemia or prevent neovascularization. Managing underlying health conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and blood clotting disorders to reduce risk factors. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments to track eye health and adjust treatments as needed.