H71.20

Clinical Causes: Chronic middle ear infections, which can lead to abnormal growth of skin cells Eustachian tube dysfunction, resulting in negative pressure that draws skin into the mastoid bone Previous ear surgeries or trauma that may disrupt the normal ear structure Congenital factors, where the abnormal growth is present at birth

Key Symptoms: Persistent or recurrent ear discharge (otorrhea) Hearing loss that may worsen over time Fullness or pressure in the affected ear Occasional ear pain or discomfort Dizziness or balance problems in some cases Facial nerve weakness if the condition progresses

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of cholesteatoma of the mastoid typically involves a combination of methods, including a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans of the temporal bones, and possibly an otoscopic examination. These steps help to determine the extent of the abnormal growth, involvement of surrounding structures, and to rule out other ear conditions. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment usually requires surgical intervention to remove the cholesteatoma and prevent further damage to the ear structures. The surgical procedures aim to eradicate the abnormal skin growth, restore normal ear function, and reduce the risk of infection. Postoperative care includes antibiotics to manage any residual infection and regular follow-up to monitor for recurrence. In certain cases, hearing restoration procedures such as ossiculoplasty may be recommended. Addressing underlying causes, such as managing ear infections and eustachian tube dysfunction, is also an integral part of ongoing care.