J37.1

Clinical Causes: Repeated exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or industrial fumes Chronic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), where stomach acid irritates the throat Allergic reactions leading to repeated inflammation Prolonged exposure to environmental pollutants Repeated or unresolved acute infections in the airway Certain occupational exposures to dust or chemicals Structural abnormalities or injury to the larynx or trachea

Key Symptoms: Persistent hoarseness or voice changes that last weeks or longer Chronic sore throat or throat discomfort A sensation of a lump or tightness in the throat Persistent cough, often dry and irritating Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath in severe cases Frequent throat clearing Unequal or altered voice quality Occasional wheezing or noisy breathing

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing chronic laryngotracheitis involves a medical history review and physical examination of the throat and airway. An otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) may use laryngoscopy—a procedure where a thin, flexible scope is inserted to visualize the larynx and trachea—to detect inflammation, swelling, or structural abnormalities. Additional tests such as chest X-rays, throat swabs, or laryngoscopic biopsies may be recommended to identify underlying causes or rule out other conditions.

Treatment Protocols: Avoiding irritants like tobacco smoke and pollution Using medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation Antibiotics or antifungal treatments if infections are present Managing acid reflux with dietary changes and medications Voice therapy with a speech-language pathologist to improve voice use and reduce strain Humidification of the air to soothe the throat Adequate hydration to keep mucus thin and manageable In severe or persistent cases, surgical options may be considered to remove polyps or correct structural issues