Q12.0

Clinical Causes: Genetic factors or inherited conditions Metabolic disorders such as galactosemia Infections during pregnancy including rubella, toxoplasmosis, or cytomegalovirus Structural abnormalities of the eye Exposure to certain drugs or chemicals during pregnancy Premature birth and associated complications Idiopathic (unknown causes)

Key Symptoms: Cloudy or opaque appearance of the lens in the affected eye Poor visual responsiveness or tracking of objects Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements) Color changes in the pupils, often appearing whitish or gray Eye redness or swelling in some cases Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Delayed visual development in infants Strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), occasionally

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing congenital cataract involves a comprehensive eye examination conducted shortly after birth or during early childhood. Techniques include slit-lamp examination to evaluate the lens, visual acuity assessment suitable for age, and sometimes ultrasound imaging for detailed eye evaluation. Early diagnosis is vital to prevent long-term complications and to determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Treatment Protocols: Use of corrective glasses or contact lenses to refine vision Amblyopia therapy, such as patching the stronger eye to encourage use of the weaker eye Regular follow-up appointments to monitor eye growth and visual development In some cases, intraocular lens implantation during surgery