Q40.0

Clinical Causes: Genetic factors: A family history of the condition increases the risk. Developmental issues: Abnormal growth of the pyloric muscle during fetal development. Environmental factors: Although not well-understood, some studies suggest potential influences during pregnancy, but these are not definitively established.

Key Symptoms: Forceful vomiting after feeding: Often projectile and occurs repeatedly. Visible peristalsis: Waves of movement across the baby's abdomen during feeding. Hunger after vomiting: The baby may still appear hungry despite vomiting. Weight loss or poor weight gain: Due to difficulty passing food to the intestines. Dehydration signs: Such as dry mouth, fewer wet diapers, and irritability. Palpable abdominal mass: A small, firm, olive-shaped lump in the right upper abdomen may be felt during examination.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Ultrasonography is the preferred method, revealing thickening of the pyloric muscle and an elongated pyloric channel. In some cases, an upper gastrointestinal series using contrast dye may be performed. Blood tests may also be conducted to check for dehydration or electrolyte imbalances resulting from ongoing vomiting.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical intervention is the standard treatment, most commonly a procedure called pyloromyotomy. During this surgery, the outer layer of the pyloric muscle is cut to relieve the narrowing and allow normal passage of food. This is usually a straightforward and highly successful operation. Post-surgery, infants generally recover quickly and begin feeding normally within a day or two. Supportive care includes hydration and electrolyte balance correction before surgery. In some cases, initial conservative treatments such as medication or guided feeding might be attempted, but surgery remains the definitive solution.